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The optimal concentration and ratio of lactic, citric, acetic, formic, and propionic acids for maximizing growth performance and health in poultry and swine
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2/23/20261 min read
Optimum concentration and ratio of organic acids such as lactic, citric, acetic, formic, and propionic acids is critical for enhancing growth performance and health in poultry and swine. These acids function primarily by lowering gut pH, thereby inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and promoting beneficial microbiota (Gänzle, 2015). In poultry, lactic acid at concentrations of 0.5–1.0% has been shown to improve feed conversion ratio (FCR) and reduce pathogen load, particularly Salmonella spp. (Koutsos et al., 2007). Citric acid, when included at 0.5–1.0%, enhances nutrient digestibility and gut morphology, leading to improved growth rates (Zhang et al., 2017). Acetic acid, although less commonly used alone, can synergize with other acids at concentrations around 0.3–0.8% to suppress pathogenic bacteria without adversely affecting feed intake (Mohan et al., 2020). Formic acid, applied at 0.3–0.5%, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing intestinal pathogens and supporting gut health in swine (Kim et al., 2013). Propionic acid, typically used at 0.2–0.5%, aids in controlling mold and spoilage bacteria, indirectly supporting growth performance (Kleessen et al., 2002). The optimal ratios among these acids depend on species and production stage but generally favour a mixture that balances antimicrobial action with minimal feed intake reduction (Ricke et al., 2018). In swine nutrition, higher proportions of formic and propionic acids are often employed to target pathogen suppression effectively (Gao et al., 2019). Excessive acid concentrations can impair feed intake and growth, thus, maintaining a balance is essential (Liu et al., 2014). The optimal acid blend varies, but a combined approach at moderate concentrations enhances gut health, nutrient absorption, and performance (Dibner & Buttin, 2002).
Promois International (www.promoisinternational.com) is one of the best-known manufacturers of encapsulated organic acids.
Promois International
manufacturer and exporter of livestock feed aditive and supplements. Supplier of cosmetic chemicals and ingredients.
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Promois International has grown to one of the World’s Largest Integrated Premium Quality and Halal Chemical sources. Promois has wholly-owned subsidiaries and joint venture companies that span the globe and employ thousands of people.
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Disclaimer: This information relates only to the specific material designated & may not be valid for such material used in combination with any other materials or in any other process. This product is encapsulated/coated. The material has specific characteristics and is a proprietary blend hence may not give the assay result from HPLC. The results may vary, especially due to its microencapsulation/coating techniques. Sold and supplied goods will not be returned or replaced in any condition since they are tailored products. Such information is to be the best of the company's knowledge & believed to be accurate and reliable as of the date indicated. However, no representation, warranty or guarantee of any kind, express or implied, is made as to its accuracy, reliability or completeness & we assume no responsibility for any loss, damage or expense, direct and quality requirement accepted by you or consequential, arising out of use. It is the user's responsibility to satisfy himself as to the suitableness & completeness of such information for his own particular use. Please read all the related documents carefully to avoid any confusion/non-agreement/dispute in the future. The product(s) are tailor-made for you based on your price/sample approval. In case the purchaser is selling it further, they are bound to disclose all information to the ultimate user.
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